Russian Journal of Developmental BiologyRussian Journal of Developmental Biology0475-14503034-6266Russian Academy of Science10.31857/S0475145023010081Serotonin and Adrenals: Regulation of Functions, Regulation of DevelopmentСеротонин и надпочечники: регуляция функций, регуляция развитияMelnikovaV. I.МельниковаВ. И. v_melnikova@mail.ruИнститут биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова РАНKoltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences01012023541317

Serotonin is not only a neurotransmitter, but also an important humoral regulator of various physiological processes outside the central nervous system. In the last decade, the concept of local serotonergic systems in peripheral organs, where serotonin realizes its effects via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms, has been developing. Such local systems have already been described in the pancreas, thymus, mammary gland, and bone marrow. We consider that a similar local serotonergic system is also characteristic of the adrenal glands. These paired organs are a key component of the mammalian endocrine system, providing a complex physiological response to stress. The adrenal glands consist of two parts distinct in origin and function – the cortex and medulla, while serotonin plays an important role in regulation of hormone secretion in both of these structures. This review is aimed to analyze the structure of the local serotonergic system in the adrenal gland, as well as its role both in the regulation of adrenal functions in adult animals and in the formation of adrenals in embryogenesis. Analysis of the available data suggests that local serotonergic systems makes an organ susceptible to fluctuations in the level of serotonin circulating in the blood at all stages of ontogenesis. Thus, local sensitivity to serotonin provides the possibility of systemic humoral coordination of the development and functioning of the adrenal glands and other peripheral organs. From this perspective, the importance of local serotoninergic systems for developmental biology and medicine gains insight.

Серотонин является не только нейротрансмиттером, но и важным гуморальным регулятором разнообразных физиологических процессов за пределами центральной нервной системы. В последнее десятилетие складывается концепция существования локальных серотонинергических систем в периферических органах, где серотонин реализует свое воздействие через аутокринно-паракринные механизмы. Такие локальные системы уже описаны в поджелудочной железе, тимусе, молочной железе, красном костном мозге. Мы считаем, что подобная локальная серотонинергическая система характерна и для надпочечников. Эти парные органы являются ключевым компонентом эндокринной системы млекопитающих, обеспечивающим комплексную физиологическую реакцию на стресс. Надпочечники состоят из двух неродственных по происхождению и функциям отделов – коры и медуллы, при этом серотонин играет важную роль в регуляции секреции гормонов в обеих этих структурах. Цель данного обзора – анализ структуры локальной серотонинергической системы в надпочечнике, а также ее роли как в регуляции функций надпочечников у взрослых животных, так и в их формировании в эмбриогенезе. Обобщение имеющихся данных позволяет говорить о том, что наличие локальной серотонинергической системы делает орган восприимчивым к колебаниям уровня циркулирующего в крови серотонина на всех этапах онтогенеза. Таким образом, локальная чувствительность к серотонину обеспечивает возможность системной гуморальной координации формирования и функционирования как надпочечников, так и других периферических органов. В этом аспекте становится понятна важность локальных серотонинергических систем для медицины и биологии развития.

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